Context: Maternal milk is increasingly recognised as important for the wellbeing of infants Let’s be careful on the vocabulary The researchers, the scientist,s the industry use terms like “human milk, “lactating bodies “avoiding to specify that this milk is exclusively produced by women Therefore we will prefer using maternal milk ou mother’s milk. The WHO […]
Fact sheet: Surrogacy and violence against women
First of all, we should define what surrogacy is in order to clarify that it’s social practice and not a medical technique. Surrogacy is the practice of recruiting, with or without payment, a woman to carry one or more children, whether or not conceived with her own eggs, with the aim of giving them to […]
Any form of surrogacy is incompatible with international legal instruments.
This article explains how surrogacy violates all the international treaties and the very concepts of universal human right DIGNITY The “Charter of the United Nations”[1] reaffirms faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women. The “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”[2] […]
Fact sheet: How is surrogacy a social and economic practice?
Considered by some as a medical breakthrough and interpreted as an assisted reproduction technique, this view hides a social practice that must be assessed in terms of human rights. It is a mistake to consider it as a medical technique to assist reproduction. Surrogacy is a social and commercial practice based on a medical […]
Fact sheet: Surrogacy Worldwide
This fact sheet provides an overview of the different forms and laws of surrogacy around the world. We’ll look briefly at how surrogacy is treated in different countries, as well as its definitions, concepts, regulations, scope and origins. l/The different types of surrogacies Definition: Surrogacy is defined as the social practice of recruiting, with or […]
Fact sheet: surrogacy and children
[Update 15 11 2023] Very little research has been done on the effects of surrogacy on the children born from it. That’s why we explored the websites and blogs that tell the stories of children born through surrogacy. An analysis of these testimonies led us to identify several common themes. A sense of rejection To […]
Developments in the ECHR positions on parentage and surrogacy
Cases condemned by the ECHR (European Court of Human Rights) Case of Paradiso and Campanelli Italy [1](2017): In 2015, the European Court of Human Rights had ruled against the Italian law with a decision of January 27, 2015. In this case, the Italian court had condemned an Italian couple who had used surrogacy in Russia […]
Fact sheet – Medical Reproductive technologies: Is Surrogacy a part of MPA?
Medical reproductive techniques, collectively referred to as MPA (Medically Assisted Procreation), encompass the manipulation of eggs and/or sperm to facilitate pregnancy[1]. These techniques can address specific challenges in achieving conception without necessarily addressing the underlying causes of infertility. Notable MPA methods include artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, which are available to individuals and couples […]
Fact sheet: Surrogacy and Consent
When giving in is not consent This factsheet delves into the concept of consent and is essential to remind us of the reality surrounding practices and the role of surrogates, who are the most deeply involved in surrogacy. The consent argument is employed by neoliberal and pro-surrogacy advocates to justify women’s freedom to engage in […]
Fact sheet : Surrogacy in figures
Definition : Surrogate motherhood, is defined as the practice of recruiting a woman, either for payment or not, to give birth to one or more children, whether conceived with her own oocytes or not, with the aim of handing them over at birth to one or more people who wish to be identified as the […]