[Study updated to 2023] Surrogacy legislation Russian federal law has allowed surrogacy since 1993 and the first surrogate birth in Russia took place in December 1995[1]. In detail, three pieces of legislation regulate the different aspects of surrogacy[2]: the Family Code (Art. 51 and 52) [3], the 1997 Federal Law on Civil Status Records[4] and […]
Greece
[Study updated in 2022] Legislation Surrogacy in Greece is regulated by laws as well as by articles of the Greek Civil Code, court decisions and decisions of the National Authority for Medically Assisted Reproduction (NAMAR). The first law is Law 3089/2002[1] , followed three years later by Law 3305/2005[2] . The latest law is Law […]
Ukraine
[Study updated in 2022] Legislation A very superficial regulation The regulation of surrogacy in Ukraine is not done by a law but through the Family Code and an order of the Ministry of Health[1] . In the Family Code, it is Articles 2 and 123, which state that if an embryo of a commissioning couple […]
India
Update 2022 This study looks in turn at the state of surrogacy legislation, the social context in which it develops, and the situation of surrogates who engage in it. Legislation An initial ultra-liberal position in 2002 Surrogacy has been legal in India since 2002[1]. The text does not provide much detail on access or […]
Colombia
update 2023 Legal Framework in Colombia: There are no regulations specific to surrogacy in Colombia. In the last 25 years, 16 bills have been rejected. While a 2009 Constitutional Court ruling authorized surrogacy “without regulating it,” it did not provide a framework for “how to establish the contract between the different parties, parentage, medical and […]
Nigeria
[Update: 04/2026] This study on surrogacy in Nigeria was carried out in collaboration with Naija Feminists Media. What the law says The Nigerian constitution does not specifically address surrogacy. However, the country has legal frameworks, such as the National Health Act of 2014, that prohibit the donation of human organs, cells, or tissue for monetary […]