Update: 09/2025 In the Philippines, surrogacy is nevertheless developing in a legal vacuum, which, in addition to the practice itself, encourages its deployment in a clandestine manner. This phenomenon, which is still marginal at the national level, is expanding rapidly in the transnational context, especially in a country that massively exports its female workforce to […]
Vietnam
Actualización: 02/2025 Vietnam is the first country in the Southeast Asian region to introduce legislation to regulate surrogacy. The Vietnamese approach to surrogacy is regulated, allowing only intra-family surrogacy and prohibiting commercial practices. As in all countries where surrogacy is altruistic and regulated, there are deviations from the rules, with people seeking to circumvent the […]
Russia
[Study updated to 2023] Surrogacy legislation Russian federal law has allowed surrogacy since 1993 and the first surrogate birth in Russia took place in December 1995[1]. In detail, three pieces of legislation regulate the different aspects of surrogacy[2]: the Family Code (Art. 51 and 52) [3], the 1997 Federal Law on Civil Status Records[4] and […]
India
Update 2022 This study looks in turn at the state of surrogacy legislation, the social context in which it develops, and the situation of surrogates who engage in it. Legislation An initial ultra-liberal position in 2002 Surrogacy has been legal in India since 2002[1]. The text does not provide much detail on access or […]